Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, often known as genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the use of technology to modify and manipulate an organism's DNA. It is a set of technologies used to alter the genetic makeup of cells, including gene transfer within and across species borders, in order to create better or novel organisms. The genetic material of interest is isolated and copied using recombinant DNA technologies, or the DNA is synthesised artificially. Genetic engineering has been used in a wide range of applications, including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology, and agriculture. GMOs are used in research to explore gene function and expression using loss of function, gain of function, tracking, and expression experiments. It is possible to produce animals by knocking off genes responsible for specific illnesses.